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Languages in India

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Languages being the most important medium of communication and education its development occupies an important place in the ‘National Policy on Education and Programme of Action. Therefore, the promotion and development of Hindi and other Languages listed in the constitution of India have received due attention.

Hindi

In order to assist non-Hindi speaking States/UTs to effectively implement the three-language formula, support for provision of facilitates for teaching of Hindi in these States/UTs is provided by sanctioning financial assistance for appointment of Hindi teachers in schools under a centrally-sponsored scheme. Assitance is also given to Voluntary Organisations for enabling them to hold Hindi-teaching is also given to Voluntary organisasiton for enabling them to hold Hindi-teaching classes.

Through the Kendriya Hindi Sansthan, the Government promotes development of improved methodology for teaching Hindi to non-Hindi speaking students. A special course for teaching Hindi to foreigners is being conducted by the Sansthan, on regular basis annually.

The Central Hindi Directorate runs programmes relating to purchase and publication of books and its free distribution to non-Hindi speaking States and to Indian missions. It extends financial support of NGOs engaged in development and promotion of Hindi.

The commission for scientific and technical terminology, new Delhi, prepares and publishes definitional dictionaries and terminology in various disciplines in Hindi and in other languages.

Modern Indian Languages

Financial assistance is given to voluntary organizations and individuals to bring out publications like encdyclopedia, dictionaries, books of knowledge, original writing on linguistic, literacy, ideological, social anthropological and cultural themes, critical edition of old manuscript, etc, for the development of modern Indian languages. States are given special help for the production of University-level books in regional languages. The National council for promotion of Urdu Languages (NCPUL)has been functioning since April 1996 ad an autonomous body for the promotion of Urdu language and also Arabic and Persian languages.

One of the outstanding areas of operation of national council for promotion of Urdu languages has been transfer of information of Urdu speaking population into productive human resource and making them part of the employable technological workforce in the emerging information technological scenario and penetration of computer education to the grass-root level in minority concentration blocks. The government has set-up national council for promotion of Sindhi.

The Government also provides facilities for study of all Indian languages. For this the Central institute of Indian languages (CIIL), Mysore conduct research in the areas of language analysis, languages, pedagogy, language technology and language use. It runs Regional language centres to help in meeting the demand for training of teachers to implement the three-language formula. The regional language centre also provides training for mother tongue teachers in different Indian languages at various levels.

English and Foreign languages

The central institute of English and Foreign Language (CIEFL), Hyderabad is institution of Higher learning deemed to be a University is an autonomous organization under this Ministry, which undertakes teacher education programme to improve the professional competence of teachers of English at the secondary language. It offers several courses like post graduate certificate and diploma courses in teaching of English and Ph.D courses in English through the distance mode.

It also offers teaching of major foreign languages like Arabic, French, German, Japanese, Russian and Spanish. It has regional centres at Shillong. It has regional centres at Shillong and Lucknow.

The central institute of English and foreign language implements two government of India schemes of English language teaching institute (ELTI) and district centres of English to bring about substantial improvements in the standard of teaching/learning of English in the country for which grants are given by central institute of English and Foreign languages to various state governments.

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Tags: English, Foreign languages, hindi, indian languages, language development in india, Modern Indian Languages, Promotion of Languages in India, regional languages, Urdu